Pancreatic juice is the alkaline digestive secretion produced by the pancreas, about a litre to a litre and a half daily, delivered to the duodenum through the pancreatic duct. It contains bicarbonate that neutralises stomach acid, creating the near-neutral pH digestive enzymes require, plus a full arsenal of enzymes: trypsin and chymotrypsin for protein, pancreatic lipase for fat, and amylase for starch, along with nucleases for nucleic acids. Secretion is orchestrated by the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin in response to food arriving from the stomach. When the pancreas fails, as in chronic pancreatitis or cystic fibrosis, undigested fat and protein pass through, causing malnutrition that is treated with oral enzyme replacement taken with meals. Pancreatic juice is, in effect, the chemical workshop of digestion.