Nutritional melagia is an older term for burning foot syndrome, a painful condition marked by burning, aching sensations in the feet, sometimes with numbness and tingling. It was described among prisoners of war and malnourished populations in the mid-twentieth century and linked to deficiency of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and possibly other B vitamins, improving when nutrition was restored. The syndrome illustrates how peripheral nerves depend on adequate B-vitamin supply for normal function. In modern practice, similar burning-foot symptoms more commonly arise from diabetic neuropathy, alcohol-related nerve damage, or B12 deficiency, and the historical label has largely fallen out of use. It remains a reminder of the neurological consequences of prolonged undernutrition and of the role careful nutritional rehabilitation plays in recovery from famine and deprivation.