The manufacture of large quantities of identical products using standardised processes, specialised machinery, and division of labour. In food, mass production delivers affordable, consistent items from biscuits to canned soup, with automated lines handling mixing, forming, cooking, and packaging at high speed. Quality systems such as HACCP and statistical process control maintain safety and uniformity across millions of units. The approach brings economies of scale that lower prices and widen access, but critics associate it with homogenised flavours, heavy packaging, and ultra-processed formulations. Modern mass production increasingly incorporates flexible lines that can switch between product variants efficiently.