A nutrient the body requires in relatively large amounts for energy, growth, and maintenance. The three energy-yielding macronutrients are carbohydrate, protein, and fat, each supplying energy at different rates: roughly 4 kilocalories per gram for carbohydrate and protein, and 9 for fat. Water and dietary fibre are sometimes counted among macronutrients because of the quantities consumed. In plant nutrition, the term covers elements needed in bulk, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Balancing macronutrients is fundamental to diet planning, sports nutrition, and food product formulation, in contrast to micronutrients, which are needed only in tiny amounts.