Heart disease caused by reduced blood supply to the heart muscle, most commonly due to atherosclerosis narrowing the coronary arteries. Also called coronary heart disease and abbreviated IHD, it encompasses angina, heart attacks, and chronic heart failure resulting from damaged muscle. It remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Diet plays a major role in both cause and prevention: high intakes of saturated and trans fats, salt, and excess energy promote the arterial plaques behind the disease, while diets rich in fruit, vegetables, whole grains, oily fish, and unsaturated fats are protective. Public-health strategies combine dietary guidance with smoking cessation, exercise promotion, and medical management of blood pressure and cholesterol.