The use of animals in experiments to assess the safety and effectiveness of drugs, chemicals, cosmetics, and food ingredients before human exposure. In food and chemical safety, animal studies establish toxicity profiles, no-effect levels, and acceptable daily intakes that regulators translate into legal limits, work that has protected consumers from countless hazards. The practice is governed by the principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement, pushing science toward cell cultures, computer models, and other alternatives wherever they can answer the question. Public attitudes are sharply divided: many accept animal testing for medicines while opposing it for cosmetics, and the food industry increasingly validates ingredients through non-animal methods. The ethical debate continues, but the scientific contribution of animal data to food safety standards remains foundational.