Veterinary drug residues — antibiotics in meat and milk, MRLs, withdrawal periods, testing, and antimicrobial resistance.

Tropane alkaloids (atropine, scopolamine) — weed contamination of cereals and herbal teas, EU limits, and control.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids — natural toxins in honey, tea, and herbal products, EU limits, and sourcing controls.

Pesticide residues in food — MRLs, monitoring programs, high-risk produce, washing, and supplier control measures.

Patulin profile — the apple juice mycotoxin: Penicillium expansum, EU limit 50 µg/kg, and control through fruit sorting.

What are PAHs in food? Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from smoking and grilling — health risks, EU limits, and control measures.

Ochratoxin A profile — coffee, cereals, and wine contamination, EU limits, nephrotoxicity, and prevention.

Nitrosamines in food — formation in cured meats and beer, carcinogenicity, regulatory limits, and mitigation with ascorbate.

What are mycotoxins? Aflatoxin, ochratoxin, and other mold toxins in food — sources, health effects, limits, and prevention.

What are mineral oil hydrocarbons? MOSH and MOAH migration from recycled packaging, health concerns, and industry controls.