Pesto is a traditional Italian sauce classically made from fresh basil leaves, pine nuts, Parmesan cheese, garlic, and olive oil, pounded or blended into a coarse, aromatic paste. Its vibrant green color, herbal aroma, and rich, savory flavor make it a popular condiment for pasta, sandwiches, and appetizers. In food processing, commercial pesto is manufactured under controlled conditions to preserve its fresh character: ingredient quality, particle size, and oil content determine texture and flavor, while packaging and refrigeration or thermal treatment manage its short shelf life. Because it contains no strong preservative hurdles, pesto requires strict hygiene, cold-chain distribution, and monitoring for spoilage and pathogens.