Anabolic steroids

Anabolic agents derived from, or structurally similar to, reproductive steroid hormones. Examples used in animal production include the naturally produced oestradiol-17β and progesterone (female steroids) and testosterone (male steroid), alongside synthetic compounds such as melengestrol acetate and trenbolone acetate. They promote growth and feed conversion efficiency in cattle, pigs and other farm animals, usually delivered as slow-release ear implants. The European Union bans anabolic steroids in animal production, although illegal use is still reported. Where they are permitted, maximum residue limits and surveillance testing govern meat, and trade rules require exporting countries to certify compliance.