Sparkling wines

Sparkling wines are wines which contain sufficient dissolved carbon dioxide to result in effervescence when the bottle is opened. The high carbon dioxide content may be achieved by secondary fermentation, conducted either in the bottle or in a tank, or by direct carbonation. Bottle-fermented wines develop finer bubbles and toasty complexity from ageing on the lees, while tank-fermented styles stay fruit-forward and fresh. Pressure inside the bottle typically reaches several atmospheres, which demands strong glass and secure closures, and the best examples balance acidity, mousse texture, and flavour into an elegant whole.