Phytohormones

Phytohormones are chemicals produced by plants that regulate plant physiology, controlling growth, development, and responses to the environment. Produced in various parts of the plant, they lack dedicated target organs, acting instead on many tissues; major classes include auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene. In agriculture and food production, phytohormones and their synthetic analogues manage fruit ripening, prevent pre-harvest drop, promote uniform germination, and extend storage life. Ethylene management is especially critical in post-harvest handling of climacteric fruits. Understanding phytohormone action helps growers and handlers optimize crop timing, quality, and shelf life across the supply chain.