Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal and a food contaminant of high concern — there is no safe threshold for neurodevelopmental effects in children. Diet is the main exposure route for humans: lead can be present in foods, beverages and drinking water (notably from old lead pipes and solder), and can leach from ceramic containers, traditional glazes or crystalware into acidic foods they contact. After consumption it accumulates mainly in bones and teeth, with a long half-life. In excess it causes anaemia, encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy and renal dysfunction, so maximum levels in foods (cereals, vegetables, infant foods, water) are strictly set and monitored.