Elderberries

Elderberries are the small purple-black berries of the elder, Sambucus nigra, or the American elder, S. canadensis, used in wines, juices, and other beverages as well as in pies and jams. They are rich in vitamin C and contain high levels of anthocyanins, the pigments behind their deep colour, which also makes them suitable for natural food colorants. Raw berries, leaves, and stems contain cyanogenic glycosides that can cause nausea, so they must be cooked before consumption, a critical safety point for foragers and processors alike. Commercial harvesting requires correct species identification and hygienic handling, while their immune-support reputation has driven strong demand for syrups and supplements.