Dairy products are the foods made from milk of cows, buffaloes, goats, sheep or camels, covering fluid milk, cheese, yoghurt, butter, cream and dried powders. They supply high-quality protein, calcium and fat-soluble vitamins, but their perishability makes pasteurization and refrigeration essential against pathogens like Listeria and Salmonella. Composition and hygiene standards define each category, and laboratories verify fat content, authenticity and freedom from antibiotic residues before products reach consumers. Trade in these products follows international norms such as Codex standards, which harmonize definitions and safety criteria.