Beer

Beer is an alcoholic beverage manufactured by alcoholic fermentation of worts using either top- or bottom-fermenting brewer’s yeasts. The malt is commonly barley malt, but other malt types, including wheat malt or sorghum malt, may be used, and non-malted cereals or other brewing adjuncts may be added in certain styles. Hops typically supply bitterness, aroma, and antimicrobial stability, balancing the malt’s sweetness. One of humanity’s oldest processed foods, with a history stretching back millennia, beer combines microbiology, chemistry, and craft at industrial scale: mashing, boiling, fermentation, conditioning, and packaging each demand precise control to deliver consistent flavour, clarity, and microbiological stability.